Assertion Reason Biology Chapter 6 Evolution
Questions of Assertion Reason Chapter 6 Evolution biology CBSE Class 12 are very simple to understand as this chapter deals with Evolution. To solve assertion reason type questions of biology, deeper understanding of concept about Evolution is required. In order to help the student in solving Assertion Reason type of questions, detailed process is explained.
How to solve Assertion Reason Type Questions?
In Assertion-Reason type of question, two statements are given, first is Assertion and second is called Reason. Student must have to think critically about both the statements in Assertion Reason Questions, since it combines multiple choice questions and true/false type of questions which requires a higher level of understanding.
How many types are there of Assertion Reason Type Questions?
Assertion-Reason type of questions can be asked either with four MCQ options or with five MCQ options. First four options are same in both the cases only one more options is being provided i.e. last one. One extra option increases the difficulty level of the questions.
In assertion reason type of questions, all 4 or 5 options are same for each question, which are as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(e) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Then a question haunts in every student’s mind, which option is correct and when?
This can be understood clearly with the following table:
| Assertion (A) | Reason (R) | MCQ Options (Fixed for all questions) |
|---|---|---|
| If True | True | (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). |
| If True | True | (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). |
| If True | False | (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. |
| If False | True | (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. |
| If False | False | (e) Both Assertion and Reason are false. |
Now, lets practice some Assertion Reason Questions of Biology : Chapter 6 Evolution.
Read instructions carefully before answering the questions.
For question given below, two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Question.1.
Assertion: According to big-bang hypothesis about 20 billion years ago universe was a big ball of only neutrons.
Reason: Movement of these particles is known to generate tremendous heat which caused explosion due to temperature and pressure changes.
Ans.1. (a)
Big bang theory explains the origin of universe, according to this hypothesis about 20 billion years ago the universe was the big ball made up of neutrons. Its huge explosion due to its high temperature change in pressure, the universe was formed.
Question.2.
Assertion: Big-bang theory is based on studies of Sir James Jeans.
Reason: He gave the theory of steady state.
Ans.2. (b)
Steady State Theory was a theory proposed in twentieth-century cosmology to explain evidence that the universe was expanding, but still retain the core idea that the universe always looks the same. It was first proposed by Sir James Jeans in the 1920s.
Question.3.
Assertion: Milky way is the galaxy in the universe.
Reason: Our Earth is part of milky way.
Ans.3. (d)
After the evolution of universe the gases condensed under gravitation and formed the galaxies and Milky Way galaxy is a part of solar system from which the earth was supposed to be formed.
Question.4.
Assertion: The primitive atmosphere was reducing once i.e., without oxygen.
Reason: In the primitive atmosphere, oxygen was involved in forming ozone.
Ans.4. (c)
The lightest atoms of nitrogen, carbon, etc. formed the primitive atmosphere. Hydrogen atoms were most numerous and most reactive in primitive atmosphere. Hydrogen atoms combined with all oxygen atoms to form water leaving no free oxygen. Thus, primitive atmosphere was reducing (without free oxygen) unlike the present oxidizing atmosphere (with free oxygen). Formation of ozone layer is the consequence of modern oxidizing atmosphere having plenty of free oxygen. As more oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere. Due to photosynthesis, ozone began to appear in the top layers.
Question.5.
Assertion: Organic compounds first evolved in earth required for origin of life were protein and nucleic acid.
Reason: All life forms were in water environment only.
Ans.5. (b)
Organic compounds that first evolved in earth which required for origin of life were protein and nucleic acid. All life forms were in aquatic environment only.
Question.6.
Assertion: Theory of chemical evolution proposed that life comes from pre-existing nonliving organic molecules.
Reason: The primitive earth conditions led to production of organic molecules.
Ans.6. (a)
The primitive earth conditions were so that they led to the production of organic molecules like proteins, RNA, etc.
Question.7.
Assertion: Louis Pasteur showed that in flask open to air, new living organisms appeared in the heat killed yeast culture.
Reason: Life arises from pre-existing life.
Ans.7. (b)
Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Question.8.
Assertion: Primitive atmosphere was of reducing type.
Reason: First hydrogen atoms combined with all oxygen.
Ans.8. (a)
The interstellar dust from which earth originated was especially rich in hydrogen. It readily combine with nitrogen forming ammonia, with carbon forming methane, and with oxygen forming water leaving no free oxygen. Thus, early atmosphere of primitive earth was strongly reducing, it contains hydrogen, methane, ammonia and water vapours.
Question.9.
Assertion: Stanley Miller could work on experimental evidence of origin of life because of Harold Urey.
Reason: H. Urey was geochemist, cosmochemist and teacher of S. miller.
Ans.9. (a)
The Miller-Urey experiment, conducted by chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey in 1953, is the classic experiment on the origin of life. It established that the early Earth atmosphere, as they pictured it, was capable of producing amino acids, the building blocks of life, from inorganic substances.
Question.10.
Assertion: Darwin’s finches show a variety of beaks suited for eating large seeds, flying insects and cactus seeds.
Reason: Ancestral seed-eating stock of Darwin’s finches radiated out from South America main land to different geographical areas of the Galapagos Islands, where they found competitor-free new habitats.
Ans.10. (a)
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Question.11.
Assertion: Coacervates are believed to be the precursors of life.
Reason: Coacervates were self-duplicating aggregates of proteins surrounded by lipid molecules.
Ans.11. (d)
Coacervates are large colloidal aggregates formed due to intermolecular attraction from large organic molecules synthesized abiotically on primitive earth. It mainly consists of proteins, polysaccharides and water. They do not fulfill the requirement for probable precursors of life.A coacervate is a tiny spherical droplet of assorted organic molecules which is held together by hydrophobic forces from a surrounding liquid. Coacervates possess osmotic properties and form spontaneously from certain dilute organic solutions. They were even once suggested to have played a significant role in the evolution of cells and, therefore, of life itself. They are interesting not only in that they provide a locally segregated environment but also in that their boundaries allow the selective absorption of simple organic molecules from the surrounding medium. Coacervates do not have lipid outer membrane, hence they cannot reproduce.
Question.12.
Assertion: The first cells used RNA as their hereditary molecule.
Reason: DNA evolved from RNA.
Ans.12. (b)
The RNA world is proposed as the first stage in the evolution of life in which RNA catalysed all molecules necessary for survival and replication. If the first cells used RNA as their hereditary molecule, DNA evolved from an RNA template. DNA probably did not evolve as a hereditary molecule until RNA based life became enclosed in a membrane. Once cells evolved, DNA probably replaced RNA as the genetic material for most organisms.
Question.13.
Assertion: The first molecules formed for replicating cells were most probably RNA.
Reason: This was proved by origin of ribozyme T. Cech in Tetrahymena.
Ans.13. (a)
The first molecules formed for replicating cells were RNA. It was proved by T.Cech in Tetrahymena thermophyla. He discovered that an unprocessed RNA molecule could splice itself.
Question.14.
Assertion: We have lost all the direct evidence of origin of life.
Reason: The persons responsible for protecting evidences were not skilled.
Ans.14. (c)
We have lost all the direct evidences of origin of life only due to destruction of fossils on account of climatic changes and not due to any person/(s).
Question.15.
Assertion: The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes.
Reason: The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen.
Ans.15. (b)
Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
