Competency Based Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Question.1. ‘Indiscriminate use of resources had led to numerous problems.’Justify this statement.
Answer. Resources are vital for human survival and it is believed that resources are free gift of nature.
The end indiscriminate use of resources has led to the following problem :-

1. To satisfy the greed of few individuals, depletion of resources has continued.
2. due to the accumulation of resources in few hands the society gets divided into two segments, that is rich and poor.
3. Indiscriminate use of resources has led to ecological crisis, examples ozone layer depletion.
4. Land Degradation.
5. global warming and environment pollution.

Question.2. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Answer. Method of soil conservation :-

1. Contour ploughing or ploughing along the contour lines of Highland can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
2. Terrace cultivation or cutting of steps around the slopes to provide land for agriculture also checks Downhill flow of water and controls erosion ,example as in western and Central Himalayan region.
3. Strip cropping:- large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind.
4. Afforestation or planting of trees in the Hilly regions can help in soil conservation.
5. Scientific development work should be implemented.

Question.3. Why is resource planning essential in India?
Answer. Resource planning is a technique or skill for proper utilisation of resources :-

1. As resources are limited, their planning is necessary so that we can use them properly and also save them for our future generations.
2. Resources are not only limited, but they are distributed over different parts of the country.
3. Resource planning is also essential for production of resources and to protect them from over exploitation.
4. By the resource planning we can overcome on problems.
5. Resource planning is very necessary for Judicious use of resources.

Question.4. “Soil formation is a continuous process”, Agree with this statement in detail.
Answer. Relief features, parent material, atmosphere, vegetation and other types of life, as well as time away from human activities, are the key factors responsible for soil formation.

1. Parent Material:- is deposited by streams or is derived from in-situ weathering. At this point, soil has many properties, such as mineral composition, colour, particle size and chemical elements. Black soil, for example, derives its colour from lava rock.
2. Climate:- This is one of the key factors in soil formation because it influences the weathering rate of the parent rock.
3. Function of precipitation:- The variability of precipitation affects the composition of the soil. For example, areas with low rainfall and high evaporation rates have led to the accumulation of salts in the soil. The soils underlying tropical rainforests appear to be nutrient-poor due to extensive leaching due to heavy rainfall.
4. Function of temperature:- It also plays an important role because temperature variations cause shrinkage and swelling, frost action and general soil weathering.
5. Biota (Flora, Fauna and Microorganisms):- Biota, in combination with climate change, modifies the parent material for the production of soil. For example, leguminous plants (such as beans, peas and groundnuts) have nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
6. Topography (Relief, Altitude, and Slope):- It is considered a passive factor in climate change because it influences soil processes, soil distribution and the form of vegetation.
7. Time:- The formation of the soil is not a one-day process, but takes several years of formation. Younger soils have similar characteristics from their parent material, but as they mature, the addition of organic matter, exposure to moisture and other environmental factors can change their characteristics.

Question.5. Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems.” Justify the statement.
Answer.  Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems. The following points justify the statement.

1. Human activities, like cutting and felling of trees, and lopping of trees, have led to destruction of forests. Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many communities, who depend upon forests for food medicine, etc.
2. Some human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying, have contributed to land degradation.
3. Water resources have been polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus making it unfit for human and as well as animals’ consumption.

Question.6. Two places A, B, C, D and E have been marked on the given outline map of India Identify them and write their correct names of the soil on the lines drawn near them.Answer.
A Black Soil
C Forest & Mountainous
D Arid Soil E Alluvial Soil
B Red & Yellow

Question.7. How do technical and economic developments led to more consumption of resources?
Answer. These days, technical and economic developments gain a colossus space. The government is also focusing more on technical and economic growth to make our county a fully developed country. In this process of technical and economic growth, the resources of our country are exhausting rapidly. Technological and economic developments have led to such rapid consumption of resources because of the following reasons:

1. New and improved equipment are introduced with the development of technology, which ultimately lead to an increase in the use of natural resources.
2. The technological advancement is attributed to the growth of a developing country. People of an economically developing nation consume more resources. Hence, we can safely say that an improvement in economic development of a nation will directly result in the increase of its people’s consumption of resources.
3. Development of new technologies is widely seen in developing economies. Due to economic development, the bright minds get an opportunity to experiment with their ideas. As a matter of fact, various materials are converted in to useful resources. This creates an atmosphere, which will see a steady increase in consumption of such available resources.

Question.8. Why is resource planning essential in India?
Answer. Resource planning is a procedure of proper utilisation of resources. Resource planning is important because:

1. Resources in India are not evenly distributed. Some parts of the county are rich in one resource but deficient in other important resources which are essential. For example, Rajasthan is rich in solar and wind energy but lacks water resource. Jharkhand is rich in minerals and coal deposits but lack in industrialisation. This is the reason why resource planning is essential. An effective resource planning will help in effective use of the resources available in the environment.
2. Secondly, most of the resources present in our environment are limited. Therefore, if these resources are not preserved or not used rationally we will be in great trouble. For example: Petrol is a limited resource and it cannot be renewed. Exhaustion of petrol will create huge chaos in the country as we are extensively dependent on the petrol.
3. Thirdly, resource planning is important because it minimises the wastage or over utilisation of resources. The very first step of resource planning is to make a list of resources available in the environment. This helps us to assess which resources should be used and how much it should be used to prevent over utilisation and minimise wastage.

Question.9. Mention any five daily life practices people can adopt to minimise water resource consumption.
Answer. Any five daily life practices from student’s daily life experiences.

Question.10. Give some measures on how can we conserve resources.
Answer. Using water judiciously via using less water during day-to-day activities.

1. Turn off lights when not in use.
2. Promoting the use of renewable energy.
3. Implementing the principle of 3 R’s (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse).
4. Promoting the use of organic compost.

Question.11. Look at the picture and explain the land-use pattern in India.Answer. The major land-use categories and their percentage share is:

• Net sown area, where regular agriculture is done — 43.41%.
• Forests, 22.57% of the total land is covered by forests.
• Barren and waste land — 6.29%.
• Area under non-agricultural use — 7.92%.
• Permanent pastures and grazing land — 3.45%.
• Area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves — 1.1%.
• Culturable waste land — 4.41 %
• Fallows other than current fallows — 3.82%
• Current fallow – 7.03%
• The land under forests has increased marginally by about 4.46%. From 18.11% in 1960-61, it is still only 22.57% which is far lower than the desired 33% as outlined by the National Forest Policy (1952).

Question.12. Imagine if oil supplies gets exhausted, how will this affect our life style?
Answer. If oil supplies get exhausted, this will affect our lifestyle very much. In this situation machines, vehicles and railways, etc all are not working. The majority of the country’s transportation is basedon fossil fuels. It would be hampered as well. Also, for individuals who create electricity through
generators, it would be more difficult to generate electricity because oil is required to do so.

Question.13. Prioritize the issue of sustainability for the development of resources with example.
Answer. Sustainable Development means development that takes place without damaging the environment or compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.

1. The resources are not free gifts of nature. Their exploitation will lead to their depletion and thus halt development. E.g., resources like petroleum are exhaustible resources, their reckless exploitation will lead to their deficiency.
2. Resources are vital for development. Industries, agriculture, etc. all depend on resources. Economic development depends on resource availability.
3. Millions of people earn their livelihood and sustain resources. Resources like minerals and coal are pre-requisite for development. Water, food, etc. are necessary for survival. To protect future generations.
   Hence, we need to use the resources judiciously to sustain development.

Question.14. “India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Support your answer with appropriate example.
Answer. India has great diversity of resource. Thus, there is a need to make proper use and planning of resource in India:-

1. Rich deposits of coal and minerals are available in the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
2. An abundance of water resources is available from the state of Arunachal Pradesh but there is lack of infrastructure for its development.
3. The state of Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks infrastructural development.
4. The cold desert of Ladakh has a rich cultural heritage but lacks water infrastructure and vital minerals. This place is isolated from rest of the country.

Question.15. • On the given outline map of India featured alphabets as A, B, CIdentify the state and write the type of soil found in the state.

• On the same outline map of India, locate & label states accordingly-
  (a) an area having potential of solar energy.
  (b) an area suffering from land degradation due to over irrigation.

Answer.
A. Odisha- Red Yellow Soil
B. Karnataka- Laterite Soil
C. Maharashtra- Black Soil
(a) Gujarat/Rajasthan
(b) Punjab/Haryana/Western UP