Question.1. What is ICT?
Answer. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an acronym for information and communication technology.
ICT helps in the proper sharing, receiving, and processing of information, and an ICT device is a device that is used for processing, storing, and delivering information to others.
Examples of ICT devices are – Laptop, Desktop, Tablets and Smartphones.

Question.2. Objectives of Information and communication technology? Advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
Answer. Full form of ICT is Information and communication technology. The goal of ICT is to bridge the gap between parents, educators, and students by encouraging sustainable, cooperative, and transparent communication methods.

Advantages of ICT:

1. Enhanced the modes of communication
2. Independent learning platforms Cost – efficient
3. Enhanced data and information security
4. Paperless – Eliminate the usage of paper
5. Better teaching and learning methods
6. Web – based LMS tools

Disadvantages of ICT:

1. Traditional books and handwritten methods are at risk.
2. Managing courses online is difficult
3. Teachers require experience to handle ICT
4. Risk of cyber attacks and hacks
5. Misuse of technology

Question.3. Difference between Hardware and Software?
Answer. A computer system consists of two main parts – Hardware and Software

• Hardware – Hardware is a physical part of a computer system. We can feel and touch the hardware devices. Example – CPU, Mother Board, Hard Disk, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer etc.
• Software – Software related to the programs which perform different types of tasks on the computer system. Program is a collection of Instructions. It also helps the computer to perform the specific task. Example – Open Office Base, Spreadsheet, Presentation etc.

Question.4. What is BIOS?
Answer. BIOS stands for Basic Input/ Output System, It helps the computer system to identify (Self-test) the paraperaphal devices which are connected to the computer system and helps computers to load Operating System properly.

Question.5. What are the different types of keys in Keyboard?
Answer.

1. Function keys – F1 to F12 are function keys in the keyboard, function keys are used for specific purposes.
2. Control keys – SHIFT, CONTROL (CTRL),ALT, SPACEBAR, TAB AND CAPS LOCK are known as a control key, these keys are used as per the demand.
3. Enter key – ENTER or RETURN keys are known as Enter key, depending on the brand of computer that you are using.
4. Punctuation keys – It includes keys for punctuation marks, such as colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation marks (“ ”).
5. Navigation keys – END, HOME, PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP and Arrow keys are known as navigation keys, these keys are used to move up, down, left or right in the document.
6. Command keys – BACKSPACE, INSERT (INS) and DELETE(DEL) are known as command keys. INSERT key allows you to overwrite characters to the right side. The DELETE command key and BACKSPACE key are used to remove typed text, character, or any other objects from the right and left side of the cursor.
7. Windows key – Windows key is used to open the Start menu.

Question.6. What is the purpose of Mouse?
Answer. The purpose of the mouse is –

1. Roll Over or Hover – Whenever we bring the mouse over the files, it shows the details of the file.
2. Click or Double Click – Mouse allows you to select, open or delete files and folders from the computer system.
3. Drag and Drop – Click on the file and drag and drop your file where you want.

Question.7. What are files and folders in a computer system?
Answer.

1. File – File is a collection of information different types of files store different types of information. Every file has a file name and extension that identifies the type of file.
2. Folder – Folder is a collection of files or a group of files.

Question.8. How to maintain a computer system?
Answer. Some simple ways to take care of computer system are –

• Keeping a Device Clean – Always keep a device clean, such as the keyboard, the screen, and the mouse. Handle your gadget with care, keep it cool, and don’t overload your battery.
• Prepare a Maintenance Schedule – Make a schedule for computer maintenance.

1. Daily Maintenance
   
   • Clean up your email inbox
   • Save Important attachments and save in folder
2. Weekly Maintenance
   • Clean your Keyboard, monitor, CPU and printer
   • Backup your data
3. Monthly Maintenance
   • Clean unused photographs
   • Clean up Download folder
   • Uninstall unused programs
   • Run full system virus scan
   • Run disk – cleaner software
4. Yearly / Annual Maintenance
   • Clean up social media accounts
   • Clean up e-mail contact list
   • Update your operating System

Question.9. How to increase Computer performance?
Answer. We frequently install a large number of applications, which slows down the computer. Always attempt to uninstall unnecessary applications, temporary files, and antivirus software updates.

Question.10. What is a Security Break?
Answer.  Security break is leakage of information stored in a computer. Your personal information can be lost or leaked in two ways –

1. We are not cautious when it comes to disclosing personal information via the internet. We share our account information and passwords on unsafe websites.
2. A person gets unauthorized access to our computer. This can happen at work if we don’t log out before leaving the computer.

Question.11. What are the threats?
Answer. Threats are ways in which personal information from a computer can be released without our knowledge.

Theft – Theft means stealing of information or hardware. These maybe of three types:

• Physical – Where a person may steal your desktop computer or laptop.
• Identity – A hacker gets your personal information and uses it to impersonate you. The hacker can use this fake identity to get access to your account information or engage in illegal activity.

Software Piracy – This is stealing of software and includes using or distributing unlicensed and unauthorized copies of a computer program or software.

• Virus – Viruses are computer programmes that can corrupt data and software applications, as well as steal data from computers. Worms and Trojan Horses are two major forms of viruses.
  
  • Worms – Worms are viruses that replicate and spread to all files on a computer once they attack a computer. This makes it very difficult to remove them.
  • A Trojan Horse appears to be a useful software programme, but once it reaches a computer, it begins to behave like a virus and destroys the data.

Online Predator – Online predators are persons who use the internet to trap you into unhealthy relationships. They could be older people appearing as your age who harass you into doing unlawful things online.

• Internet Scams – You may occasionally receive highly appealing offers claiming that you have won a large sum of money in a lottery and that you can claim your win by depositing a specific amount of money. When you deposit money with a credit card or through online banking, you not only lose the deposit money but your card / account information may be misused later.

Question.12. How can we protect our data?
Answer. To protect our data from theft and viruses we can take the following measures –

1. Use Strong password in your account – Make your passwords difficult to guess. When creating a new password, attempt to use a combination of
   
   • Small Character
   • Capital Character
   • Special Character
   • Numbers
2. Install Antivirus and Firewall –Anti-virus software and a firewall protect your data from virus and from hackers.
3. Encrypt your data – Keep your information in an encrypted format to keep it safe from unauthorized users.
4. Open only secure site – Before visiting a website, make sure the address begins with https://.  A website that begins with https:// is a secure website.

Question.13. What do you mean by ICT?
Answer. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT refers to all the tools related to storing, recording and sending digital information.

Question.14. Differentiate between Hardware and Software?
Answer.

• Hardware: The physical components that we can see and touch. Monitor, Keyboard are examples of Hardware
• Software: It is a set of programs / instructions that perform a specific task. MS Paint, MS Word are examples of Software.

Question.15. What do you mean by Operating System?
Answer. Operating System : It is a software that act as an interface between the user and the computer.

Question.16. Give two examples of mobile operating system.
Answer. Two examples of mobile operating system :

1. Apple iOS
2. Google Android

Question.17. Name two operating systems for laptops or desktop.
Answer. Two operating systems for laptops or desktop are:

1. Ubuntu
2. Microsoft Windows

Question.18. Identify me
(a). I am a physical part of computer.
Answer. Hardware

(b). I am a collection of instruction doing specific task.
Answer. Software

(c). I am the software that starts working as soon as we switch on a computer.
Answer. Operating System

(d). I am an input device used to type text, numbers etc.
Answer. Keyboard

(e). I am a small device that you can use to move, select and open items on your computer screen.
Answer. Mouse

Question.19. Expand BIOS?
Answer. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System

Question.20. What do you mean by Input device? Give two examples.
Answer. Those devices which are used to feed data/command into the computer are called Input device. For example: Keyboard and Mouse.

Question.21. What do you mean by drag and drop?
Answer. Moving an item from one location to another with the help of mouse button. This is called drag and drop.

Question.22. Differentiate between files and folder.
Answer.

• File: A place where information is stored in computer. It has a name and extension both.
• Folder: A location where a group of files can be stored. It has only name.

Question.23. Write the extension for the following.
a. A Notepad file
b. A Sound File
c. An image file
Answer. Extensions are a. .txt b. .mp3 c. .jpg

Question.24. The file name and file name extension are separated by a ________________
Answer. dot ( . )

Question.25. Write the steps to create folder on desktop?
Answer. The steps to create folder on desktop are:

1. Right-click on desktop and then choose the ‘New Folder’.
2. Type the name of the folder.

Question.26. Write the shortcut command for the following.
a. Cut
b. Copy
c. Paste
d. Undo
e. Redo
f. Select all
Answer. Shortcut commands are:
a. Cut – Ctrl + X
b. Copy – Ctrl + C
c. Paste – Ctrl + V
d. Undo – Ctrl + Z
e. Redo – Ctrl + Y
f. Select all – Ctrl + A

Question.27. Write the basic tips for taking care of Laptop / Desktop.
Answer. Basic tips for taking care of Computer are:

1. Avoid eating anything over a keyboard.
2. Wipe the screen with a soft cloth.
3. Avoid eating or drinking near computer.
4. Handle and move your laptop carefully.

Question.28. What do you mean by Data Backup?
Answer. Backing up data means to save the information present on your computer on another device, such as CD/DVD drives or hard disk.

Question.29. What do you mean by Spam?
Answer. We get mails from companies who are advertising a product or trying to attract you to their website. Such mails are called Spam.

Question.30. How can you increase the performance of a computer?
Answer. We can increase the performance of a computer by

1. Using an updated Antivirus Software
2. Removing unnecessary files and data, such as temporary files and images.

Question.31. ________________ is leakage of information stored in a computer.
Answer. Security break

Question.32. What do you mean by Virus?
Answer. Viruses are computer programs that can damage the data and software programs or steal the information stored on a computer.

Question.33. Name two types of Virus.
Answer. Worms and Trojan Horse

Question.34. Differentiate between Worms and Trojan Horse.
Answer.

• Worms: These are viruses that replicate and spread to all files once they attack a computer.
• Trojan: A Trojan Horse seems to be a useful program but once it reaches a computer it starts destroying data.

Question.35. What do you mean by Online predators?
Answer. Online Predator: Online predators are people who trap you into inappropriate relationships.

Question.36. Write few tips to protect your data from online theft and viruses.
Answer. Few tips to protect our data from online theft and viruses are:

1. Use passwords to login to your computer:
2. Install Anti-virus and Firewall:
3. Use Data Encryption
4. Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites

Question.37. What do you mean by threats to Computer?
Answer. Threats are the ways in which personal information can be leaked from a computer without our knowing.

Question.38. List the various threats to a computer and its data.
Answer. The various threats to a computer and its data are:

1. Virus
2. Phishing
3. Online theft
4. Cyber crime
5. Hacking

Question.39. __________________ is stealing of software and using of unlicensed and unauthorized copies of a computer software.
Answer. Software Piracy

Question.40. What is ‘s’ in “https”?
Answer. ‘s’ stands for secure.

Question.41. Name the encrypting feature of Windows.
Answer. BitLocker

Question.42. List the various types of keys available on Keyboard.
Answer. The various types of keys available on Keyboard are :

1. Control keys
2. Function Keys
3. Alphabet Keys
4. Numeric Keys
5. Navigation Keys

Question.43. When the ____________ key is turned ON, it helps to overwrite characters to the right of the cursor.
Answer. INSERT

Question.44. Name two keys available on keyboard which are used to remove typed text or characters.
Answer. Delete and Backspace

Question.45. _________ key helps to move the cursor to the beginning of a new line.
Answer. RETURN or ENTER

Question.46. Pressing ______________ key opens the Start menu.
Answer. Windows

Question.47. Name any two file extensions.
Answer. Two file extensions are : a) .txt b) .doc c) .jpg d) .xls