Question.1. Can you identify and name the various items used in making life comfortable in our villages and towns. List the items and name the material used in their making.
Ans.
Villages:

• Clothes: Cotton, synthetic fibers, wool silk, etc
• Furniture: Wood, steel, rubber, etc.
• Houses: Bricks, cement, wood
• Bicycles and motorcycle: Steel, rubber, etc.

Towns:

• Cooking gas stove and cylinder: Steel, brass, rubber, etc.
• Cars and motorcycles: Steel, plastics, brass, etc.
• Fans, room coolers and air conditioners: Steel, copper, plastics, etc.
• Refrigerators and TV sets: Steel, copper, plastics, glass, etc.

Question.2. Identify at least two resources from each category.
Ans. Two resources from each category are identified as follows :
On the Basis of Origin:

• Biotic Resources : human beings, flora, fauna
• Abiotic Resources : Metals, Rocks

On the Basis of Exhaustibility:

• Renewable Resources : Solar Energy, Wind Energy, water, air
• Non-Renewable Resources : coal, petroleum

On the Basis of Ownership:

• Individual Resources : farm, house
• Community Owned Resources : public parks, picnic spots, Playground
• National Resources : forests, wildlife
• International Resources : Marine Resources, Marine Economic Zone, sea routes

On the Basis of the Status of Development:

• Potential Resources : Wind Energy, Geothermal Energy
• Developed Resources : coal, mineral oil
• Stock : water, soil
• Reserves : oil, gas, water stored in dams, forests

Question.3. Prepare a list of stock and reserve, resources that you are familiar with from your local area.
Ans.
Stock : Gases, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, water etc.
Reserves : Water dams, woods from forests, oil refineries, water of rivers, forests etc.

Question.4. Imagine, if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our life style?
Ans.

1. The transport system will be greatly affected.
2. Students will have to use foot or cycle to go to school.
3. People will not be able to reach their office and other places on time.
4. The price of vegetables and all items of daily use will increase.
5. It will take more time and difficulty in transporting the goods from one place to another.

Question.5. Plan a survey in your colony/village to investigate people’s attitude towards recycling of the domestic/agricultural wastes. Ask questions about:
(a) What do they think about resources they use?
(b) What is their opinion about the wastes, and its utilisation?
(c) Collage your results.
Ans. (a) They think about the resources used by them, that in any way, they should use their resources in a balanced and economical way only when they are needed so that those people can fulfill their needs and do not exploit them so that their availability and use is expected to be maintained in future.

(b) People believe that instead of disposing waste in a systematic way, it is appropriate to use it in different ways, like the best way to destroy waste is to make fertilizer from it. Large pits are filled with waste and buried with soil.
Within a few days, this waste decomposes and becomes ready in the form of compost.

(c) Students should do this work themselves in their own class with the help of teacher.

Question.6. Prepare a list of resources found in your state and also identify the resources that are important but deficit in your state.
Ans. I am a student of Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.
The resources found more in Madhya Pradesh are
(i) diamond,
(ii) limestone,
(iii) coal,
(iv) manganese ore,
(v) bauxite,
(vi) copper ore,
(vii) fire clay,
(viii) human resources,
(ix) livestock
(x) slate pyrophyllite-diaspore etc.

Resources found in small quantities in Madhya Pradesh are as follows:
(i) iron,
(ii) natural gas,
(iii) petroleum etc.

Question.7. Can you name some resource rich but economically backward regions and some resource poor but economically developed regions? Give reasons for such a situation.
Ans. States of Orissa, Assam, and Jharkhand are rich in resources but are economically backward.
States of Punjab, Delhi, and Haryana are poor in resources but are economically developed.

Question.8. Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts given for land use and find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to 2014-15 very marginally.Ans. The net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to 2014-15 very marginally because of the following factors:

1. Urbanization
2. floods
3. Increasing population,
4. Fragmentation of land holdings
5. Declining water table
6. Unabated and massive conversion of agricultural land for building houses and construction of infrastructure.
7. Rise in cost of irrigation

Question.9. The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands. Find out reasons for the low proportion of net sown area in these states.
Ans. Net sown area in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Manipur is low mainly due to the hilly and rocky terrain. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are covered by dense tropical forests and so net sown area is low.