Question.2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Very hot and dry, very cold and wet regions of India have low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.
Answer. As a physical factor, climate largely determines the pattern of the population distribution in India:

1. Extremely high temperature, rainfall and humidity limit concentration of population.
2. Extreme cold conditions prevent human habitation.
3. North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have higher proportion of population.
4. Lack of basic facilities, irrigation and economic development.

(ii) Which states have large rural population in India? Give one reason for such large rural population.
Answer. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim and Rajasthan are the states having large rural population.

These states are largely engaged in primary sector and its allied activity and have low levels of economic and social development, hence a slower infrastructural development process which further inhibits urbanisation.

(iii) Why do some states of India have higher rates of work participation than others?
Answer. The work participation rate means, the number of people engaged in economic activity. Some of state in India such as Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Andhra etc., tend to have higher work participation rates.

The work participation rates tends to be higher in these area of lower level of economic development and technological advancement therefore the number of manual workers is needed to perform the subsistence or near subsistence economic activities in the absence of other opportunities.

(iv) ‘The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.’ Explain.
Answer. The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers:

1. About 58.2% of the total working population are cultivators and agricultural labourers.
2. Hence, it show that large population engaged in agricultural sector rather than secondary sector and tertiary sector.
3. Primary sector has potential to absorbed maximum number of the working population.

Question.3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) Discuss the spatial pattern of density of population in India.
Answer. The spatial pattern of density of population in India is:

1. According to the census of 2011, the population density of India is 382 people/square km.
2. Area of very high density due to migration and urbanisation, fertile plain and industrialisation like in Delhi, West Bengal, Bihar.
3. Area of high density due to highly developed agriculture sector, costal fertile plains, fertile plain like in Punjab, Haryana, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh.
4. Area of Moderate Density due to Agriculture and mineral resource, urbanisation and industralisation in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Gujarat.
5. Area of low density due to mountainous area and forest Desert region, Rugged Topography like in Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh.

(ii) Give an account of the occupational structure of India’s population.
Answer. The occupational structure of India’s population:

1. Being an agriculture-based country, India has about 56% of its population engaged in agriculture and allied activities.
2. In India, the primary sector has a larger proportion of working population as compared to the secondary and the tertiary sectors.
3. Other major occupations include manufacturing, trade, services, etc.
4. The entire occupational structure composes of 54.6% of cultivators and agricultural labourers, 41.6% workers engaged in manufacturing, trade, commerce, construction, etc. and 3.8% of workers in household activities.
5. Though the males outnumber the females in the work areas in India, but the female workers have witnessed a surge in their numbers in the primary sector.