1. In the above picture of sorrien’s utopian vision, the saints, angle and Christ symbolise :

2. India has adopted a federal system of government to accommodate diversity. Which of the following statements about Indian federalism are correct?

1. India is a Union of States.
2. States have autonomy in all matters.
3. Power-sharing between the Union and State governments is a basic feature of the Indian Constitution.
4. The power-sharing arrangement can be easily changed by the Union government.

Options :

3. The process of globalization has been facilitated by advances in technology, especially in the fields of communication and _______.

4. Money plays a crucial role in the economy by facilitating transactions. Which of the following are functions of money in an economy?

1. Medium of exchange
2. Store of value
3. Measure of income
4. Unit of account

Options :

5. Which resource is renewable and can be replenished over a relatively short period of time through natural processes?

6. The power-sharing model of _______ is considered one of the most complex, involving equal representation of both Dutch and French-speaking communities.

7. Which of the following was a major reason for the expansion of international trade in the 19th century?

8. Read the data given below and answer the question:

Why does state Y have a higher rate of land degradation?

9. India has a multi-party system, providing voters with a wide range of choices. Which of the following statements about political party systems are correct?

1. A two-party system limits voter choice.
2. A multi-party system encourages coalition governments.
3. A one-party system is more democratic than a multi-party system.
4. A multi-party system provides more representation to diverse groups

Options :

10. Which sector of the Indian economy is primarily involved in the extraction and processing of raw materials, such as mining and agriculture?

11. Consider the following statements:

Statement I:- Democracy in India ensures the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
Statement II:- In a democracy, the government is not accountable to the people.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

12. Consider the following statements:

Statement I:- Development is a process that only involves economic growth.
Statement II:- Development includes improvements in the standard of living, education, and healthcare.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

13. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the spread of information in Europe. Which of the following were effects of the invention of the printing press?

1. Rapid spread of new ideas and knowledge
2. Growth of literacy and education
3. Decline in religious authority
4. Strengthening of monarchies

Options :

14. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order :

1. Coming of Simon Commission to India
2. Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC.
3. Government of India Act, 1919
4. Champaran Satyagraha

Choose the correct option :

15. Match the following and choose the correct option.

16. What is Caste Discrimination, and why is it considered a major social issue in India?

17. Match Column - A with Column - B and choose the correct option:

Options:

18. The Western Ghats are recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Analyze the following statements about the Western Ghats:

1. They are home to a vast number of endemic plant and animal species.
2. The Western Ghats stretch across eight Indian states from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu.
3. Deforestation and habitat destruction are major threats to their biodiversity.
4. The Western Ghats are primarily desert regions with sparse vegetation.

19. Interpret the following pie diagram and choose the correct option for the following question?

What is the significance of the 43 percent land under net sown area?

20. Which of the following best describes the concept of power sharing in a democratic system of governance?